Chown and Chmod – Full Detailed Guide (README.md)

Linux Basics

Linux chown & chmod Explained With Real Examples

A simple beginner-friendly guide to understanding file ownership and permissions in Linux.

What is chown?

chown means change file or folder ownership.

Syntax:

chown user:group file

Examples:

chown mahesh file.txt
chown :developers file.txt
chown mahesh:developers file.txt
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html

What is chmod?

chmod changes permissions: read (r), write (w), execute (x).

Examples:

chmod 755 script.sh
chmod 644 index.html
chmod 600 mykey.pem

Symbolic:

chmod u+r file
chmod g-w file

Summary

• chown = change owner & group
• chmod = change permissions
• -R applies changes to all files inside folder

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